TV Web Technology

The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, a user views web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigates between them using hyperlinks. The World Wide Web was created in 1989 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, working at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. Since then, Berners-Lee has played an active role in guiding the development of web standards (such as the markup languages in which web pages are composed), and in recent years has advocated his vision of a Semantic Web. Robert Cailliau, also at CERN, was an early evangelist for the project.
How the Web works

Viewing a web page on the World Wide Web normally begins either by typing the URL of the page into a web browser, or by following a hyperlink to that page or resource. The web browser then initiates a series of communication messages, behind the scenes, in order to fetch and display it.

First, the server-name portion of the URL is resolved into an IP address using the global, distributed Internet database known as the domain name system, or DNS. This IP address is necessary to contact and send data packets to the web server.

The browser then requests the resource by sending an HTTP request to the web server at that particular address. In the case of a typical web page, the HTML text of the page is requested first and parsed immediately by the web browser, which will then make additional requests for images and any other files that form a part of the page. Statistics measuring a website's popularity are usually based on the number of 'page views' or associated server 'hits', or file requests, which take place.

Having received the required files from the web server, the browser then renders the page onto the screen as specified by its HTML, CSS, and other web languages. Any images and other resources are incorporated to produce the on-screen web page that the user sees.

Most web pages will themselves contain hyperlinks to other related pages and perhaps to downloads, source documents, definitions and other web resources. Such a collection of useful, related resources, interconnected via hypertext links, is what was dubbed a "web" of information. Making it available on the Internet created what Tim Berners-Lee first called the WorldWideWeb (a term written in CamelCase, subsequently discarded) in 1990.

History

History of the World Wide Web

This NeXTcube used by Berners-Lee at CERN became the first Web server.
This NeXTcube used by Berners-Lee at CERN became the first Web server.

The underlying ideas of the Web can be traced as far back as 1980, when, at CERN in Switzerland, Tim Berners-Lee built ENQUIRE (referring to Enquire Within Upon Everything, a book he recalled from his youth). While it was rather different from the system in use today, it contained many of the same core ideas (and even some of the ideas of Berners-Lee's next project after the World Wide Web, the Semantic Web).

In March 1989, Tim Berners-Lee wrote a proposal, which referenced ENQUIRE and described a more elaborate information management system. With help from Robert Cailliau, he published a more formal proposal for the World Wide Web on November 12, 1990. . The role model was provided by EBT's (Electronic Book Technology, a spin-off from the Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship at Brown University) Dynatext SGML reader that CERN had licensed. The Dynatext system was considered, however technically advanced (a key player in the extension of SGML ISO 8879:1986 to Hypermedia within HyTime), too expensive and with an inappropriate licensing policy for general HEP (High Energy Physics) community use: a fee for each document and each time a document was charged.

A NeXTcube was used by Berners-Lee as the world's first web server and also to write the first web browser, WorldWideWeb, in 1990. By Christmas 1990, Berners-Lee had built all the tools necessary for a working Web: the first web browser (which was a web editor as well), the first web server, and the first web pages which described the project itself.

On August 6, 1991, he posted a short summary of the World Wide Web project on the alt.hypertext newsgroup. This date also marked the debut of the Web as a publicly available service on the Internet.

The crucial underlying concept of hypertext originated with older projects from the 1960s, such as the Hypertext Editing System (HES) at Brown University--- among others Ted Nelson and Andries van Dam--- Ted Nelson's Project Xanadu and Douglas Engelbart's oN-Line System (NLS). Both Nelson and Engelbart were in turn inspired by Vannevar Bush's microfilm-based "memex," which was described in the 1945 essay "As We May Think."

Berners-Lee's breakthrough was to marry hypertext to the Internet. In his book Weaving The Web, he explains that he had repeatedly suggested that a marriage between the two technologies was possible to members of both technical communities, but when no one took up his invitation, he finally tackled the project himself. In the process, he developed a system of globally unique identifiers for resources on the Web and elsewhere: the Uniform Resource Identifier.

The World Wide Web had a number of differences from other hypertext systems that were then available. The Web required only unidirectional links rather than bidirectional ones. This made it possible for someone to link to another resource without action by the owner of that resource. It also significantly reduced the difficulty of implementing web servers and browsers (in comparison to earlier systems), but in turn presented the chronic problem of link rot. Unlike predecessors such as HyperCard, the World Wide Web was non-proprietary, making it possible to develop servers and clients independently and to add extensions without licensing restrictions.

On April 30, 1993, CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to anyone, with no fees due. Coming two months after the announcement that the Gopher protocol was no longer free to use, this produced a rapid shift away from Gopher and towards the Web. An early popular web browser was ViolaWWW, which was based upon HyperCard.

Scholars generally agree, however, that the turning point for the World Wide Web began with the introduction of the Mosaic web browser in 1993, a graphical browser developed by a team at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (NCSA-UIUC), led by Marc Andreessen. Funding for Mosaic came from the High-Performance Computing and Communications Initiative, a funding program initiated by then-Senator Al Gore's High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991, also known as the Gore Bill. (See Al Gore's contributions to the Internet and technology for more information.) Prior to the release of Mosaic, graphics were not commonly mixed with text in web pages, and its popularity was less than older protocols in use over the Internet, such as Gopher and Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS). Mosaic's graphical user interface allowed the Web to become, by far, the most popular Internet protocol.

History in Literature

The concept of a home-based global information system goes back at least as far as Isaac Asimov's short story "Anniversary" (Amazing Stories, March 1959), in which the characters look up information on a home computer called a "Multivac outlet" -- which was connected by a "planetwide network of circuits" to a mile-long "super-computer" somewhere in the bowels of the Earth. One character is thinking of installing a Multivac, Jr. model for his kids.

The story was set in the far distant future when commercial space travel was commonplace, and yet the machine "prints the answer on a slip of tape" that comes out a slot -- there is no video display -- and the owner of the home computer says that he doesn't spend the kind of money to get a Multivac outlet that talks.

Standards

web standards

Many formal standards and other technical specifications define the operation of different aspects of the World Wide Web, the Internet, and computer information exchange. Many of the documents are the work of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), headed by Berners-Lee, but some are produced by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and other organizations.

Usually, when web standards are discussed, the following publications are seen as foundational:

* Recommendations for markup languages, especially HTML and XHTML, from the W3C. These define the structure and interpretation of hypertext documents.
* Recommendations for stylesheets, especially CSS, from the W3C.
* Standards for ECMAScript, a.k.a. JavaScript, from Ecma International.
* Recommendations for the Document Object Model, from W3C.

Additional publications provide definitions of other essential technologies for the World Wide Web, including, but not limited to, the following:

* Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), which is a universal system for referencing resources on the Internet, such as hypertext documents and images. URIs, often called URLs, are defined by the IETF's RFC 3986 / STD 66: Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax, as well as its predecessors and numerous URI scheme-defining RFCs;
* HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), especially as defined by RFC 2616: HTTP/1.1 and RFC 2617: HTTP Authentication, which specify how the browser and server communicate with each other.

Java and JavaScript

A significant advance in Web technology was Sun Microsystems' Java platform. It enables web pages to embed small programs (called applets) directly into the view. These applets run on the end-user's computer, providing a richer user interface than simple web pages. Java client-side applets never gained the popularity that Sun had hoped for a variety of reasons, including lack of integration with other content (applets were confined to small boxes within the rendered page) and the fact that many computers at the time were supplied to end users without a suitably installed Java Virtual Machine, and so required a download by the user before applets would appear. Adobe Flash now performs many of the functions that were originally envisioned for Java applets, including the playing of video content, animation, and some rich UI features. Java itself has become more widely used as a platform and language for server-side and other programming.

JavaScript, on the other hand, is a scripting language that was initially developed for use within web pages. The standardized version is ECMAScript. While its name is similar to Java, JavaScript was developed by Netscape and it has almost nothing to do with Java, although, like Java, its syntax is derived from the C programming language. In conjunction with a web page's Document Object Model, JavaScript has become a much more powerful technology than its creators originally envisioned. The manipulation of a page's Document Object Model after the page is delivered to the client has been called Dynamic HTML (DHTML), to emphasize a shift away from static HTML displays.

In simple cases, all the optional information and actions available on a JavaScript-enhanced web page will have been downloaded when the page was first delivered. Ajax ("Asynchronous JavaScript And XML") is a JavaScript-based technology that provides a method whereby parts within a web page may be updated, using new information obtained over the network at a later time in response to user actions. This allows the page to be more responsive, interactive and interesting, without the user having to wait for whole-page reloads. Ajax is seen as an important aspect of what is being called Web 2.0. Examples of Ajax techniques currently in use can be seen in Gmail, Google Maps, and other dynamic web applications.

Publishing web pages

Web page production is available to individuals outside the mass media. In order to publish a web page, one does not have to go through a publisher or other media institution, and potential readers could be found in all corners of the globe.

Many different kinds of information are available on the Web, and for those who wish to know other societies, cultures, and peoples, it has become easier.

The increased opportunity to publish materials is observable in the countless personal and social networking pages, as well as sites by families, small shops, etc., facilitated by the emergence of free web hosting services.

Statistics

According to a 2001 study, there were more than 550 billion documents on the Web, mostly in the "invisible web", or deep web. A 2002 survey of 2,024 million web pages determined that by far the most web content was in English: 56.4%; next were pages in German (7.7%), French (5.6%), and Japanese (4.9%). A more recent study, which used web searches in 75 different languages to sample the Web, determined that there were over 11.5 billion web pages in the publicly indexable web as of the end of January 2005.

Speed issues

Frustration over congestion issues in the Internet infrastructure and the high latency that results in slow browsing has led to an alternative, pejorative name for the World Wide Web: the World Wide Wait. Speeding up the Internet is an ongoing discussion over the use of peering and QoS technologies. Other solutions to reduce the World Wide Wait can be found on W3C.

Standard guidelines for ideal web response times are (Nielsen 1999, page 42):

* 0.1 second (one tenth of a second). Ideal response time. The user doesn't sense any interruption.
* 1 second. Highest acceptable response time. Download times above 1 second interrupt the user experience.
* 10 seconds. Unacceptable response time. The user experience is interrupted and the user is likely to leave the site or system.

These numbers are useful for planning server capacity.

Caching

If a user revisits a web page after only a short interval, the page data may not need to be re-obtained from the source web server. Almost all web browsers cache recently-obtained data, usually on the local hard drive. HTTP requests sent by a browser will usually only ask for data that has changed since the last download. If the locally-cached data is still current, it will be reused.

Caching helps reduce the amount of web traffic on the Internet. The decision about expiration is made independently for each downloaded file, whether image, stylesheet, JavaScript, HTML, or whatever other content the site may provide. Thus even on sites with highly dynamic content, many of the basic resources only need to be refreshed occasionally. Web site designers find it worthwhile to collate resources such as CSS data and JavaScript into a few site-wide files so that they can be cached efficiently. This helps reduce page download times and lowers demands on the web server.

There are other components of the Internet that can cache web content. Corporate and academic firewalls often cache web resources requested by one user for the benefit of all. (See also Caching proxy server.) Some search engines, such as Google or Yahoo!, also store cached content from web sites.

Apart from the facilities built into web servers that can determine when files have been updated and so need to be re-sent, designers of dynamically-generated web pages can control the HTTP headers sent back to requesting users, so that transient or sensitive pages are not cached. Internet banking and news sites frequently use this facility.

Data requested with an HTTP 'GET' is likely to be cached if other conditions are met; data obtained in response to a 'POST' is assumed to depend on the data that was POSTed and so is not cached.

Link rot and web archival

link rot

Over time, many web resources pointed to by hyperlinks disappear, relocate, or are replaced with different content. This phenomenon is referred to in some circles as "link rot" and the hyperlinks affected by it are often called "dead links".

The ephemeral nature of the Web has prompted many efforts to archive web sites. The Internet Archive is one of the most well-known efforts; it has been active since 1996.

Academic conferences

The major academic event covering the Web is the World Wide Web series of conferences, promoted by IW3C2.

WWW prefix in web addresses

The letters "www" are commonly found at the beginning of web addresses because of the long-standing practice of naming Internet hosts (servers) according to the services they provide. So for example, the host name for a web server is often "www"; for an FTP server, "ftp"; and for a USENET news server, "news" or "nntp" (after the news protocol NNTP). These host names appear as DNS subdomain names, as in "www.example.com".

This use of such prefixes is not required by any technical standard; indeed, the first web server was at "nxoc01.cern.ch", and even today many web sites exist without a "www" prefix. The "www" prefix has no meaning in the way the main web site is shown. The "www" prefix is simply one choice for a web site's subdomain name.

Some web browsers will automatically try adding "www." to the beginning, and possibly ".com" to the end, of typed URLs if no host is found without them. Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and Opera will also prefix "http://www." and append ".com" to the address bar contents if the Control and Enter keys are pressed simultaneously. For example, entering "example" in the address bar and then pressing either just Enter or Control+Enter will usually resolve to "http://www.example.com", depending on the exact browser version and its settings.

Pronunciation of "www"

Pronunciation of "www"

In English, "www" (pronounced "double you double you double you") is the longest possible three-letter acronym to pronounce, requiring nine syllables.

In New Zealand, the pronunciation is sometimes shortened to "dub dub dub".

In Chinese, the World Wide Web is commonly translated to wàn wéi wǎng (万维网), which satisfies "www" and literally means "ten-thousand dimensional net".

TV TV Warped Tour

Warped Tour is a touring music and extreme sports festival. The tour is held in venues (generally parking lots or fields upon which the stages and other structures are erected). The BMX/skateboarding shoe manufacturer Vans has sponsored the tour among others every year since 1995 and it is often referred to as the Vans Warped Tour.

As of the mid-2000s, the Warped Tour has featured as many as 100 bands per show. The bands play for up to 30 minutes over approximately 10 different stages, although the biggest bands generally play the two "Main" stages. A typical day would have bands starting at 11:00am and end at 9:00 p.m. with several bands playing at once. The individual band times and stages where each band play is marked on a large board usually centered in the middle of the venue. The full area is set up to prevent music from one stage disrupting other active stages. One band, by fan vote, is allowed to play ten extra minutes at each show.

Every year there is a "BBQ Band," which, in exchange for the privilege of playing on the tour, must prepare food for the bands and crew for the barbecue which is held most evenings. Similarly, one band, Animo (formerly DORK) has been permitted for the past four years to play on the tour in exchange for work on the setup crew.

The tour started as a skate punk, and third wave ska tour, but later began to feature mostly post-hardcore, pop punk, and metalcore acts. On a more purist side there are also some hardcore punk and street punk bands that still play Warped Tour.

History
The Automatic on the Vans Warped Tour 2007.
The Automatic on the Vans Warped Tour 2007.
Pepper live at 2007 Vans Warped Tour, in Las Cruces, NM, 12 July 2007.
Pepper live at 2007 Vans Warped Tour, in Las Cruces, NM, 12 July 2007.
Amber Pacific, 2007 Vans Warped Tour, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Amber Pacific, 2007 Vans Warped Tour, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
The Adolescents.
The Adolescents.
K-os.
K-os.
New Years Day, performing at Las Cruces, NM during Warped Tour 2007
New Years Day, performing at Las Cruces, NM during Warped Tour 2007
Parkway Drive in Texas
Parkway Drive in Texas
Pepper, Warped Tour 2007, in Las Cruces, NM, on July 12, 2007.
Pepper, Warped Tour 2007, in Las Cruces, NM, on July 12, 2007.
Warped Tour 2007 in Las Cruces
Warped Tour 2007 in Las Cruces
Tiger Army at Warped Tour 2007 in Virginia Beach.
Tiger Army at Warped Tour 2007 in Virginia Beach.
Forever The Sickest Kids.
Forever The Sickest Kids.

The Warped Tour was created in 1994 by Kevin Lyman, who got the idea while working on skateboarding shows such as the Vision Skate Escape and Holiday Havoc which included music with skateboarding contests. The Warped name comes from the short-lived Warp Magazine, published by Transworld, which covered surfing, skateboarding, snowboarding, and music.

In 1998, the tour went international, including venues in Australia, Japan, Europe, Canada, and the United States.

In 1999, the tour started off in New Zealand and Australia in the New Year. It then started up again in the United States for the northern hemisphere summer before ending up in Europe.

As well as music, this tour brings many attractions, including a half pipe for skaters and bikers. The tour also features many booths creating a flea market-like atmosphere, having tents for each of the bands to sell merchandise, independent record labels, magazine publishers, non-profit organizations, and sponsors looking to market their products to the tour's audience. Many of the bands will retreat to their tents after their performance in order to meet up with the fans and groupies, and sign autographs which is just another added perk of attending the tour.

The Warped Tour also benefits up-and-coming bands, and those looking to gain more recognition. The tour provides a direct market in order for these bands to obtain or extend their fan base. The bands can set up tent areas and are able to talk with those atteding the tour and sell their merchandise as well as give away promotional freebies.

Various illustrators are contracted each year to design promotional artwork. In 2006, The Vans Warped Tour hired New York's Punk Artist Joe Simko (Sweet Rot) to create all the character designs, Official tour poster, backstage passes (image shown at right), and official 2006 logo. Simko's Warped Tour artwork has been attached to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame marketing campaign.

Several backstage VIP passes are placed for auction on eBay, allowing access all summer long. Sponsors are issued a number of "Sponsor" laminate passes or wristbands, and in 2006 and 2007, there were promotions announced, tied to blood donation, which allow access.

The Vans Warped is a sponsor for many organizations. Such as Boarding for Breast Cancer, Unite the United, and One, just to name a few.

Tours

* Warped Tour 2008
* Warped Tour 2007
* Warped Tour 2006
* Warped Tour 2005
* Warped Tour 2004

Stages

Current stages

Warped features several stages, among them

* Main Stage (There are two main stages, formerly designated "Main Stage Left" and "Main Stage Right", but in 2007 called "Lucky" and "13". In the past, they have borne other names, such as "Brian" and "Teal").

* The Hurley Stage
* The Hurley.com Stage
* The Smartpunk Stage
* The Ernie Ball Stage
* Hot Topic/Kevin Says Stage
* East Coast Indie Stage (select east coast shows only)
* Stage Ocho (Lucky 13 Mini Ramp Stage)
* Skullcandy Mix Tent Stage
* Family Clothing Stage (outside of the tour each morning)
* the old school stage (8/25)
* All Girl Skate Jam Stage (8/25)
* Jersey Stage (8/5)
* Union Stage (8/11-8/12)

Past stages

* The Volcom Stage
* The Code of The Cutz Stage
* The Shiragirl Stage
* Vagrant/Major League Baseball Stage
* The DIY Stage

The stages are usually temporary structures that fold into one or more trailer loads. If the venue is an amphitheatre, the amphitheatre stage is often used--in 2006, the two sides of the amphitheatre stage were often shared between the Volcom and MLB Vagrant stages. This year, amphitheatre stages are shared between the Smartpunk.com and Hurley.com Stages. However, at Cleveland's Tower City Amphitheatre venue, which has a relatively narrow stage, the stage was used for Main Stage Right.

Band conflicts

A few bands have left the tour due to conflicts they had with the tour or with other bands:

* CKY, on their second Warped Tour, were kicked from the 2000 tour after a protest of how much the vendors were charging.
* Alien Ant Farm complained in 2001 that they were still playing side stages even after their single began receiving mainstream attention. They criticized the fact that H20 were on a main stage when no one knew who they were.
* The band Guttermouth was supposedly removed from the Warped Tour 2004 for insulting My Chemical Romance. The band later stated that they left themselves due to "that '10 or so' unnamed bands didn't jive with Guttermouth's way of doing business, and in some cases, threatened them with violence."
* According to Fat Mike, on the 2006 tour, From First to Last was upset about not being able to play before 2:00pm on the main stage, and refused to play if they were not guaranteed that. From First to Last stated they left the tour due to vocalist Sonny Moore having nodes on his vocal cords.
* Scary Kids Scaring Kids was suspended for one show (Pomona) in 2006 for lending their laminate passes to friends at the San Diego show. They were reinstated for the San Francisco show and stated, "Nothing can stop us from playing."
* In 2006 NOFX frontman Fat Mike was making fun of Underoath and their religious beliefs and criticizing their stance on gay marriage, but emphasised that he befriended Underoath's band members at the start of the tour, had very civilized conversations with various members right up to Underoath's departure. A statement from the band claimed that the members "felt it necessary to take some immediate time to focus on our friendship, as that’s more important than risking it for the sake of touring at this time."
* Kevin Lyman acknowledged that on the 2007 tour some of the more seasoned bands were irked by newer bands with rock-star attitudes, and also that there was some tension between punk bands and Christian groups.
* US Bombs were thrown off the tour several times because of singer Duane Peters' drug addiction. They were given numerous chances at the urging of Rancid.
* In 2007, a fire was set in the parking lot at the Mansfield, Massachusetts show, and Lyman posted cash reward posters, no questions asked, threatening to cancel all remaining post-show barbecues. While a BBQ band was turned in, and expelled from the tour, it later turned out that the perpetrators were individuals affiliated with Avenged Sevenfold.

Criticism

While many punk purists decry the tour’s rampant commercialism, high concession prices and watered-down music, some defend the changes in the production of the tour through the years. “Warped Tour is a place for teenage kids to go and hear all their favourite bands in one day,” says Rob Pasalic, guitarist for the Saint Alvia Cartel. “It wouldn’t make sense for it to be the same tour in 2007 as it was in 1997. These are the bands that kids like, and the tour is smart enough to grow and adapt to that. You still get bands like Bad Religion playing, so it’s not like it’s lost all its roots.”

Joe Queer of The Queers stated that

"You play music because there’s something inside of you that says you have to play music. Now you get bands like Fall Out Boy that are basically created in the studio. The Warped Tour changed it. Fuck it. I just don’t like that shit. All the guys in the bands remind me of the jocks I hated in high school. To me a punk gig is a small sweaty club with the audience right in your face knocking over the mic stand and boogying off the energy."

The band Propagandhi lashes out at the tour in their song "Rock for Sustainable Capitalism", which contains lyrics categorising the tour's bands as "shitty" and criticising the Vans sponsorship due to the Vans company's use of foreign labor.

Brendan Kelly of The Lawrence Arms said that it kills smaller concert venues, since all the big bands go on one tour together. The band alleges that this also caused The Lawrence Arms to get permanently banned from Warped Tour when Brendan Kelly said this on stage. On The Lawrence Arms 2006 album Oh! Calcutta! there is a song entitled "Warped Summer Extravaganza (Major Excellent)," a reference to the band's experiences on the Warped Tour.

Official compilation albums

An official Warped Tour compilation CD is released annually by SideOneDummy Records to coincide with the start of the tour. The compilation includes songs by numerous artists performing on the tour that year. The first few compilations had varying titles, but since 2001 the series has used a standard title with the format "Warped Tour <year> Tour Compilation." In 2002 the compilation expanded onto 2 CDs totalling 50 artists, a format which the series has followed in all subsequent years.
Year Title
1998 A Compilation of Warped Music
1999 A Compilation of Warped Music II
2000 World Warped III Live
2001 Warped Tour 2001 Tour Compilation
2002 Warped Tour 2002 Tour Compilation
2003 Warped Tour 2003 Tour Compilation
2004 Warped Tour 2004 Tour Compilation
2005 Warped Tour 2005 Tour Compilation
2006 Warped Tour 2006 Tour Compilation
2007 Warped Tour 2007 Tour Compilation

In addition, the digital music service Rhapsody.com has released a regular "Warped Tour Bootleg Series," with each entry focusing on a single artists performing on the tour. Past Bootleg Series artists have included Matchbook Romance, My Chemical Romance, Bedouin Soundclash, MxPx, The Starting Line, Millencolin, Avenged Sevenfold, Gogol Bordello, Motion City Soundtrack, The Casualties, Anti-Flag, Less Than Jake, Rise Against, Joan Jett & The Blackhearts, Helmet, Motion City Soundtrack, and The Academy Is...

In popular culture

* Punk Rock Holocaust, a comedy slasher picture, was filmed principally at the 2003 Warped Tour.

* A DVD about the experiences of a PETA representative while advocating for his organization on the Warped Tour, Wake Up Screaming, was created after the 2005 tour.

* The Warped Tour is mentioned in blink-182's song, "The Rock Show", in "So Sick of You" from The Unseen, in "Rock for Sustainable Capitalism" by Propagandhi, and in "Timmy Yo" by MDC.

* The Warped Tour is featured as a playable venue in Guitar Hero II, set in Austin, TX.

TV Wiktionary

Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 151 languages. Unlike standard dictionaries, it is written collaboratively by volunteers using wiki software, allowing articles to be changed by almost anyone with access to the Web site.

Like its sister project Wikipedia, Wiktionary is run by the Wikimedia Foundation. Because Wiktionary is not limited by print space considerations, most of Wiktionary's language editions provide definitions and translations of words from many languages, and some editions offer additional information typically found in Thesauruses and lexicons. Additionally, the English Wiktionary now includes Wikisaurus, a category that serves as a thesaurus, including lists of slang words.

History and development

Wiktionary was brought online on December 12, 2002 following a proposal by Daniel Alston. On March 29, 2004 the first non-English Wiktionaries were initiated in French and Polish. Wiktionaries in numerous other languages have since been started. Wiktionary was hosted on a temporary URL (wiktionary.wikipedia.org) until May 1, 2004 when it switched to the current full URL. As of November 2006, Wiktionary features over 1.5 million entries across its 171 language editions. The largest of the language editions is the English Wiktionary, with over 400,000 entries. It was surpassed in early 2006 by the French Wiktionary, only to regain the top position in September 2006. Eight Wiktionary language editions now contain over 100,000 entries each.
The use of bots to generate large numbers of articles is visible as "growth spurts" in this graph of article counts at the largest eight Wiktionary editions (data from November 2007).
The use of bots to generate large numbers of articles is visible as "growth spurts" in this graph of article counts at the largest eight Wiktionary editions (data from November 2007).

Despite Wiktionary's large number of entries, most of the entries and many of the definitions at the project's largest language editions were created by bots that found creative ways to generate entries or (rarely) automatically imported thousands of entries from previously-published dictionaries. Seven of the 18 bots registered at the English Wiktionary created 163,000 of the entries there. Only 259 entries remain (each containing many definitions) on Wiktionary from the original import by Websterbot from public domain sources; the majority of those imports have been split out to thousands of proper entries manually. Another one of these bots, "ThirdPersBot," was responsible for the addition of a number of third-person conjugations that would not receive their own entries in standard dictionaries; for instance, it defined "smoulders" as the "third-person singular simple present form of smoulder." Excluding these 163,000 entries, the English Wiktionary would have about 137,000 entries, including terms unique to languages other than English, making it smaller than most monolingual print dictionaries. The Oxford English Dictionary, for instance, has 615,000 headwords, while Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged has 475,000 entries (with many additional embedded headwords). It should be noted, though, that more detailed statistics now exist to more clearly distinguish genuine entries from minor (small) entries.

The English Wiktionary, however does not rely on bots to the extent that somewhat smaller editions do. The French and Vietnamese Wiktionaries, for example, imported large sections of the Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (FVDP), which provides free content bilingual dictionaries to and from Vietnamese. These imported entries make up virtually all of the Vietnamese edition's offering. Like the English edition, the French Wiktionary has imported the approximately 20,000 entries in the Unihan database of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters. The French Wiktionary grew rapidly in 2006 thanks in large part to bots copying many entries from old, freely-licensed dictionaries, such as the eighth edition of the Dictionnaire de l'Académie fran?aise (1935, around 35,000 words), and using bots to add words from other Wiktionary editions with French translations. The Russian edition grew by nearly 80,000 entries as "LXbot" added boilerplate entries (with headings, but without definitions) for words in English and German.
The logo designed by "Smurrayinchester". Chosen by a contest at Meta-Wiki, it is used by eight Wiktionary editions.
The logo designed by "Smurrayinchester". Chosen by a contest at Meta-Wiki, it is used by eight Wiktionary editions.

Most of Wiktionary currently uses a textual logo designed by Brion Vibber, a MediaWiki developer. Despite frequent discussion of modifying or replacing the logo, a four-phase contest held at the Wikimedia Meta-Wiki from September to October 2006 did not see as much participation from the Wiktionary community as some community members had hoped. As of June 2007, the French, Vietnamese, Italian, Korean, Lithuanian, Arabic, Sicilian, and Simple English editions have switched to the contest-chosen logo; the remaining editions use either the textual logo or, in the case of the Galician Wiktionary, a logo that depicts a dictionary bearing the Galician coat of arms.

Critical reception

Critical reception of Wiktionary has been mixed. Jill Lepore wrote in the article "Noah’s Ark" for The New Yorker, (November 6, 2006)

There’s no show of hands at Wiktionary. There’s not even an editorial staff. "Be your own lexicographer!" might be Wiktionary’s motto. Who needs experts? Why pay good money for a dictionary written by lexicographers when we can cobble one together ourselves?

Wiktionary isn’t so much republican or democratic as Maoist. And it’s only as good as the copyright-expired books from which it pilfers. If you look up the word "Webster" in the Wiktionary, you will be redirected to this handy tip:

Noah Webster’s New International Dictionary of the English Language, 1911 (published by Merriam-Webster, Springfield, MA) is a public domain dictionary, as is a 1913 edition, that can be used to empower Wiktionary with more definitions.

But, hey, at least they got his first name right.

Keir Graff’s review for Booklist was more neutral:

Is there a place for Wiktionary? Undoubtedly. The industry and enthusiasm of its many creators are proof that there’s a market. And it’s wonderful to have another strong source to use when searching the odd terms that pop up in today’s fast-changing world and the online environment. But as with so many Web sources (including this column), it’s best used by sophisticated users in conjunction with more reputable sources.

References in other publications are fleeting and part of larger discussions of Wikipedia, not progressing beyond a definition, although David Brooks in The Telegraph described it as wild and woolly. (Wooly is defined as "confused" and "unrestrained." ) One of the impediments to independent coverage of Wiktionary is the continuing confusion that it is merely an extension of Wikipedia. In 2005, PC Magazine rated Wiktionary as one of the Internet's "Top 101 Web Sites," although little information was given about the site.

Administrators at Wiktionary are considerably less tolerant of vandalism and misuse of the wiki than are administrators at larger projects such as Wikipedia. For instance, when an IP address adds something inappropriate, it is common to see an immediate block of that IP Address.

Are you interested in mult-player online internet games? Such as runescape and neopets?Internet Game Online-games, tips, cheats and kids forumsAnother good forum is the Internet Junction For Gamers IJFG.COM Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and More IJFG.COM Jokes, Pranks, Runescape and other cool games at IJFG.COM. RuneScape is set in a medieval fantasy world, similar to "Guild Wars" or "EverQuest", where players control character representations of themselves. As with most massive multiplayer online roleplaying games (MMORPG), there is no overall objective or end to the game. Players explore, form alliances, perform optional tasks, and complete quests for rewards and to build character's skills.

RuneScape has often been one of the top massive online role playing games. It is a unique game. But, with a unique game, comes unique players. Players get bored, and then try to develop cheats....autos or bots that will help them achieve success in their beloved games of Runescape 2.

RuneScape is a virtual world which is divided into two part: Members Areas and Non-Members areas. People who pay to play (p2p), receive access to the special areas. They also have access to the free areas. The members' places are much larger, offer "better" items for the gameplay of rs2, and much, much more. The character that you create when you first start playing runescape, moves around the game on foot; either by running, or walking. Players are challenged to their utmost skills by fighting new monsters, completing difficult quests, and manipulating marketing. As Runescape 2 is an RPG (Role playing game), there is no set path a person must take to play rs. They can choose what to do, and when, whether it be training their money-making skills, or fighting another player. Players usually interact with each other by chatting through public chat, or private chat.Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and More IJFG.COM IJFG.com was a runescape 2 based site. They have now, however, taken another look....

Of course the king of all game cheating websites is trick the trik (otherwise known as RPG Cheats Site), where you can find cheat forums, mmorpg topsite, arcade games and any mmo game related topics.

The master of massive multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG) cheats can be found at Trik.com Trik.com; this site is one of the best today. The forum section, Trik.com forum, originally came from IJFG.com (Internet Junction For Gamers) , which was one of the best websites that discussed various gamers' issues. The full name was Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and More. This site had Jokes, Pranks, RuneScape and other cool games. RuneScape is set in a medieval fantasy world, similar to "Guild Wars" or "EverQuest," where players control character representations of themselves. As with most MMORPG, there is no overall objective or end to the game. Players explore, form alliances, perform optional tasks, and complete quests for rewards and to build characters' skills.

Trik.com continues IJFG.com's success, but Trik.com has more to offer. Trik Topsite can be found at Trik Topsite; the TopSite is a great addition if you want to find the best MMO RPG site(s) or raise your site in the rankings. Trik.com also has a viciously competitive Arcade. If you want to be the #1 Arcade on Trik, then come prove yourself at Trik.com arcade: Trik arcade. Trik.com ?Trik.com/topsite ?Trik.com/forum/arcade.php

With the rising popularity of commercial MMORPG games came the desire from ardent players of these games to run their own servers beside the ones run by the game's creator. Since the original server software is not usually available, the behavior of the server has to be re-engineered. This can be done by analyzing the data stream with the original server, or by disassembling and analyzing the client which is available.

Ultima Online was one of the first large MMORPGs. Due to its openness in implementation, server emulators arose very quickly, even during the beta stage of development. The destination to which the client connects was changeable by simply editing a text file. In beta stage the client-server data stream was not encrypted yet. The term server emulator became known through Ultima Online server reimplementation such as UOX, which was the pioneer. Many forks and reimplementations followed UOX, because its source code was released under the GNU General Public License relatively early. RunUO is today the most widely used UO-server emulator. After RuneScape implemented anti-cheating measures, many gamers left and started their own private servers. The best place to discuss the private server is at Trik- The Master of Private Server.

Another useful site is Rune Web ruwb.com . This site is about more serious RuneScape gold trading, account exchange, gold for real life cash and many services. It includes tips on how to avoid getting lured/scammed while using the marketplace. For programming, visual basics, java, C/C++, scar and all other languages such as PHP, HTML, ASP, Delphi. There are also sections for graphics talents, plus many cool videos and fun stuff.

A defining moment in internet gaming history was when a group of gamers called (hygo 7) decided to start an ultimate game forum, which they named hygo.com. It has the best financial backing, the friendliest game community, and the highest quality of information. Currently Hygo.com has entered a new phase...Hygo.com is offering the best private server game. With thousands of members, Hygo.com is your next place to visit, as they have an amazing game with a community and economy. Hygo.com - The Online Adventure Game. is definitely one of the top sites you want to join right now!

EZud is another popular site. ezud.com. It has the best runescape bug abuse, bugs and trik. ezud.com - The runescape bugs. is definitely one of the best sites you want to join right now!

Contact Information

Call our office today to set up an appointment. Learn more about how we can help you, and learn more about the other services that we can offer you. All messages we receive will be answered as soon as possible. We look forward to hearing from you.

Electronic mail: General Information: